Facial attractiveness has long been an intriguing notion considered by scientists and psychologists. While symmetrical profiles are often considered beautiful, the reasoning behind this can be both subjective and scientific. Without understanding facial symmetry and proportions, for many, the saying “beauty is in the eye of the beholder” rings true, as harmonious features can be attributed to youthfulness and aesthetics, while slight asymmetry can be perceived as unique and character-enhancing.
“When we think about attractive features, elements such as expressive eyes, prominent cheekbones, and a large smile can come to mind, but it is the harmonious balance between these that can make a face perceived as beautiful,” says Dr Alek Nikolic, aesthetic medicine specialist and owner of Aesthetic Facial Enhancement.
“Identifying symmetrical features can be as simple as noting that qualities look the same on both sides of the face, but attributing facial proportions to beauty requires understanding its scientific (and historical) proof points.”
Dr Nikolic helps unpack the scientific reasons for facial attractiveness and which aesthetic treatments are used to achieve facial symmetry.
The central facial triangle
The focal point of the face, known as the central facial triangle or “Yarbus triangle,” often draws immediate attention. This area, forming an inverted triangle between the eyes and the mouth, is important in human interaction.
This triangle also serves as a visual indicator of ageing. Over time, it transforms, flipping at a 180-degree angle, and altering the youthful contours of the face. As we get older, the skin loses elasticity and can sag or wrinkle, the supporting fat pockets thin and droop, which all contributes to a more asymmetrical appearance.
Primarily, the eyes and lips play important roles in shaping the attractiveness of the central facial triangle. Studies show the escalating importance of facial symmetry as you approach the central facial triangle or the facial midline.
The golden ratio
Perhaps the most mathematical of all, the golden ratio, otherwise known as the “divine proportion,” is a complex combination of lines, angles, and shapes typically considered the most appealing to the eye. Interestingly the divine proportion is naturally found throughout nature including shells, sunflowers, Insects, human anatomy, etc.
Dating back as far as Ancient Greece more than 2 500 years ago, creating a pleasing proportion meant dividing a line into two parts in a ratio of 1:1.618.
Popular for its use in architecture, mathematics, art, and cosmetic surgery, it is one of the most calculated methods for outlining facial symmetry. It was even put into practice by Leonardo Da Vinci while he sketched the Mona Lisa.
The golden ratio is often used as a guideline for creating more proportional features. For individuals with distinct proportions, achieving this “golden” standard is unlikely, and aesthetic specialists refer to its principles for working towards achieving facial symmetry and improving the ratios of the face as a whole and when the face is divided into the upper, mid and lower thirds, rather than using it as the ultimate standard for their work.
Non-invasive options to address facial asymmetry
There are a variety of non-invasive treatments to achieve a symmetrical face without having to undergo surgery. The goal of these non-invasive treatments is to improve facial balance with minimal downtime and risk.
Botulinum toxin is a popular choice solution for addressing facial asymmetry caused by muscular imbalances. “This temporarily reduces muscle activity to smooth out uneven facial expressions and reduce the appearance of asymmetry. It is also ideal for addressing asymmetries caused by differences in soft tissue, such as skin laxity or muscle imbalance. These treatments won’t offer the permanent results that surgical procedures will have but they will temporarily enhance facial symmetry,” explains Dr Nikolic.
Dermal fillers on the other hand are used to add volume and to shape the areas that may appear sunken or less defined. These areas include the cheeks, lips, jawline, temples, and under the eye.
The art of achieving facial symmetry through aesthetic procedures is complex. It requires an in-depth understanding of facial anatomy, an artistic eye and a delicate hand.
When aiming to improve facial symmetry, it is crucial to account for the face’s dynamic nature. Symmetry observed when the face is at rest, known as static symmetry, may not correspond to the symmetry seen when the face is in motion, which is dynamic symmetry.
The psychology of facial aesthetics also plays a significant role in this process. Understanding the patient’s self-perceptions, desires and fears is essential and a thorough consultation helps align the professional’s expertise with the patient’s expectations.
“While science can outline how facial symmetry contributes to your overall attractiveness, stand-alone features play a big part in your unique character as an individual,” adds Dr Nikolic. “Whether you lean towards favouring symmetry or asymmetry, having a good understanding of why and how different elements can contribute to beauty sets you up for a more informed journey – that is, if you do decide to consult a medical professional, they can assist in a treatment plan personalised according to the aesthetic attributes you want to explore.”
To consult with Dr Alek Nikolic about a facial aesthetic treatment plan, visit www.dralek.co.za.
